South Africa should develop national and municipal plans to deploy energy storage, to ease the electricity crisis and reduce the need for load-shedding during periods of peak power demand.
This is according to a study published today – Watts in store: Explainer on how energy storage can help South Africa’s electricity crisis (Part 1) – by the International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), which argues SA should develop national and municipal plans to deploy energy storage.
The IISD notes South Africans experienced more scheduled power cuts in the first six months of 2023 than in all of 2022.
It says energy storage, such as grid batteries and pumped hydro, can help balance electricity supply and demand, improve grid stability and boost energy providers’ financial returns.
“While deployment of batteries at commercial, industrial and residential sites is accelerating, the rollout is happening in an uncoordinated manner, primarily as a self-funded response to worsening load-shedding,” says Richard Halsey, policy advisor at IISD and lead author of the report.
“South Africa needs national and municipal grid storage strategies, which will provide a positive signal to the energy storage industry that it can safely develop supply chains.”
IISD researchers identified seven benefits of energy storage that are particularly important for the constrained South African power system this year.
Among those with immediate effect, they say, adding batteries to consumer-located generators can lower demand for Eskom power, while the existing pumped hydro can reduce the need for load-shedding when power consumption is at its peak.
In the long-term, they note, energy storage can complement intermittent utility-scale renewable energy, optimise the use of congested grids, contribute to better use of existing power plants, improve public supply of electricity, and could be a cost-effective alternative to immediate grid expansion in some cases.
According to the study, while South Africans are already widely and rapidly installing consumer batteries (located at consumer premises), grid storage (located on the electricity grid) has received relatively little attention.
Yet, it explains, grid batteries have recently seen rapid growth worldwide, thanks to an 80% drop in costs of lithium-ion batteries since 2013. The main benefit is that they can be deployed much faster and offer more services than other grid storage technologies, such as pumped hydro.
“With the current electricity crisis requiring fast and effective measures, grid batteries can be an important part of the solution,” Halsey says. “That doesn’t mean pumped hydro is not needed, as it can provide longer-duration storage and should be considered a complementary technology.”
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